Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Periodontal Disease in Tasikmalaya, West Java

Hilmiy Ila Robbihi¹⁾, Endang Sutisna Sulaeman²⁾,

Setyo Sri Rahardjo²⁾

¹⁾Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

²⁾Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret

ABSTRACT

Background: Periodontitis is one of the most ubiquitous diseases and is characterized by the destruction of connective tissue and dental bone support following an inflammatory host response secondary to infection by periodontal bacteria. Studies into the risk factors of periodontitis is lacking in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with the occurrence of periodontal disease in Tasikmalaya, West Java.

Subjects and Method: A case control study conducted in Tasikmalaya community health center, West Java, from October to November 2018. A sample of 200 patients was selected by fixed disease sampling consisting of 50 patients with periodontitis and 150 patients without periodontitis. The dependent variable was periodontal disease. The independent variables were age, knowledge on oral and dental health, education, income, oral and dental health behavior, smoking behavior, plaque, and calculus. The data were obtained from medical record and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.

Results: The occurrence of periodontal disease increased with plaque (OR= 3.70; 95% CI= 1.44 to 9.48; p= 0.007), calculus (OR= 3.52; 95% CI= 1.41 to 8.76; p= 0.007), smoking behavior (OR= 3.58; 95% CI= 1.42 to 9.03; p= 0.007), and age (OR= 6.29; 95% CI= 0.40 to 16.43; p<0.001). Periodontal disease decreased with good knowledge on oral and dental health (OR= 0.17; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.45; p<0.001), high education (OR= 0.21; 95% CI= 0.08 to 0.55; p= 0.001), good oral and dental health behavior (OR= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.10 to 0.61; p= 0.003), and high income (OR= 0.19; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.50; p= 0.001).

Conclusion: The occurrence of periodontal disease increases with plaque, calculus, smoking behavior, and age. Periodontal disease decreases with good knowledge on oral and dental health, high education, good oral and dental health behavior, and high income.

Keywords: periodontal disease, risk factors

Correspondence: HilmiyIlaRobbihi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: hilmiyilarobbihi@gmail.com. Mobile: +628975565050.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2019.05.02

￩￫ x