Abstract
Background: High amounts of nitric oxide produced by Inducible Nitric Oxide Syn�thase (iNOS) can have beneficial microbicidal, antiviral, antiparasital, and anti�tumoral actions. However, aberrant iNOS induction may have detrimental effect in the patho�physiology of diseases such as asthma, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, colitis, psoriasis, neurodegenerative diseases, tumor development, or septic shock. Kenikir leaf (Cosmos caudatus) is a natural and traditional medicine believed to have a hepatoprotective effect. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Cosmos caudatus in reducing iNOS in rats.
Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted from July to September 2022. A sample of 30 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomized into 5 groups: (1) Normal control received no treatment; (2) Negative control induced by cisplatin 5 mg/kgBW/day; (3) Low dose treatment induced by cisplatin 5 mg/kgBW + ethanol extract of kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus) 50 mg/kgBW; (4) Moderate dose treatment induced cisplatin 5 mg/kgBW + Cosmos caudatus 100 mg/kgBW; (5) High dose treatment induced by cisplatin 5 mg/kgBW + Cosmos caudatus 300 mg/kgBW. The data were collected by the ELISA kit, and analyzed by One-Way ANOVA.
Results: Cisplatin was able to increase the iNOS level. The iNOS level in the negative control (Mean= 23.71; SD=7.56) was higher than the normal control (Mean= 18.41; SD=3.82), and it was statistically significant (p= 0.023). The Mean iNOS levels in the low dose treatment (Mean= 24.52; SD= 3.85), the moderate dose treatment (Mean= 22.57; SD= 4.86), and the high dose treatment (Mean= 21.70; SD= 24.68), were different from the negative control (Mean= 23.71; SD=7.56), but it was statistically non-significant (p= 0.425).
Conclusion: Moderate and high doses of Cosmos caudatus can reduce iNOS level in rat, but they are statistically non-significant. Low dose of Cosmos caudatus increases iNOS level, but it is neither statistically significant.
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