Abstract
Background: People with diabetes — either type 1 or type 2 —have a higher risk of developing depression. Conversely, people with depression have a greater chance of developing type 2 diabetes. The good news is that diabetes and depression can be treated together by strengthening social support. This study aimed to estimate the effect of social support and gender on the risk of depression in diabetic patients.
Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis was conducted using the PICO research question. Population: Diabetic patients. Intervention: Strong social support and female. Comparison: Weak social support and male. Outcome: Depression. The articles were searched from databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI. Keywords used “Social Support” AND “Gender” AND “Depression” AND “Diabetes”. The inclusion criteria included a full-text paper, cross-sectional study, multivariate analysis with adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), and published from 2016 to 2023. The articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.4.1.
Results: The meta-analysis included 15 primary studies from Nepal, Pakistan, Ethiopia, and Tanzania. The total sample size was 6.897 patients. People with diabetes mellitus receiving social support had 0.34 times as much risk of depression compared to those with weak social support, and it was statistically significant (aOR= 0.34; 95% CI= 0.27-0.44; p=0.001). Females increased the risk of depression by 2.10 times as much compared to males, and it was statistically significant (aOR= 2.10; 95% CI= 1.50-2.93; p=0.001).
Conclusion: People with diabetes mellitus who have strong social support have a lower risk of developing depression than those with weak social support. Females have a higher risk of depression than males.
Keywords: social support, gender, depression, diabetes mellitus.
Correspondence:
Alimah Ulfah Khairiyyah. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: alulfah.work@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 85647119656.
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