Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a serious medical condition and can increase the risk of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. It is a major cause of premature death worldwide. An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension, and most (two-thirds) live in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the influence of sex and body mass index on the risk of hypertension in the general population.
Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis was conducted based on the PICO research question. Population: General population. Intervention: Female and overweight. Comparison: Male and normal weight. Outcome: Hypertension. The articles were searched from databases PubMed and Science Direct. Keywords used "hypertension” AND “body mass index” OR “BMI” AND “Gender” AND “cross-sectional study”. The inclusion criteria were observational studies, full-text papers, English language, published from 2014 to 2023, and reported adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). The articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.
Results: The meta-analysis included 11 cross-sectional studies from Bangladesh, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Tanzania. Females had a higher risk of experiencing hypertension compared to males, and it was statistically significant (aOR= 1.99; 95% CI= 1.33 to 3.50; p=0.002). Individuals with overweight had a higher risk of experiencing hypertension compared to those with normal weight (aOR= 2.08; 95% CI= 1.48 to 2.93; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Female and overweight individuals had a higher risk of developing hypertension than male and normal-weight individuals.
Keywords: hypertension, body mass index, gender.
Correspondence:
Mashaf Fahrur Murdo Furqon. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: mashaffahrur55@gmail.com. Mobile: +6289636497065.
Article Data
