Abstract
Background: Obesity is caused by a variety of risk factors, including biological, individual, social, and environmental factors that regulate weight gain and are mediated by energy intake and expenditure. Rapid epidemiological and economic transitions have led to an increase in poor lifestyle behavior, with people adopting unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles. These behavioral risk factors are responsible for substantial increases in the prevalence of obesity. This study aimed to estimate the effects of physical activity, non-diverse dietary intake, and socioeconomic factors on obesity.
Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis was conducted by collecting studies from PubMed published from 2017 to 2022. The articles were searched by following the PICO format. Population: Adults. Intervention: Low physical activity, non-diverse food intake, and high socioeconomics. Comparison: High physical activity, diverse food intake, and low socioeconomics. Outcome: Obesity. Cross-sectional studies that reported odds ratio (aOR) were included for meta-analysis. aOR values from each study were extracted using RevMan 5.3.
Results: Meta-analysis included cross-sectional studies from India, Nepal, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Ireland. The total sample was 78,869 adults. Low physical activity (aOR= 1.43; 95% CI= 1.22 to 1.68; p= 0.001), non-diverse food intake (aOR=2.01; 95% CI= 1.44 to 2.81; p= 0.004), and high socioeconomics factor (aOR= 2.77; 95% CI= 2.04 to 3.77; p= 0.001) increased the risk of obesity.
Conclusion: Low physical activity, non-diverse food intake, and high socioeconomic factors increase the risk of obesity.
Keywords: food diversity, physical activity, socioeconomics, obesity.
Correspondence:
Chelsy Sumardi Saputri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: chelsysumardisaputri@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285819861946.
Article Data
