Abstract
Background: Depression is a treatable medical condition, not a normal part of aging. However, the elderly are at an increased risk of experiencing depression. Factors that can increase depression in old age are trust and reciprocity. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the effect of reciprocal and belief on depression among the elderly.
Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis was conducted using the PICO research question. Population: Elderly. Intervention: High belief and high reciprocity. Comparison: Low belief and low reciprocity. Outcome: Depression. The articles were searched from databases Springer Link, SAGE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Google Scholar published from 2013 to 2023. Keywords used "Depression" AND "Belief" OR "Reciprocity". The articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.
Results: Eight primary studies were included in this meta-analysis from China, South Korea, Japan, Canada, South Africa, and the United States. The total sample size was 50,385 elderly. High belief reduces the risk of depression in the elderly by 0.65 compared to low trust, and it was statistically significant (OR=0.65; 95% CI= 0.54 to 0.78; p<0.001) and high reciprocity reduced the risk of depression in the elderly 0.58 compared with low reciprocity, and it was statistically significant (OR= 0.58; 95% CI=0.44 to 0.77; p<0.001).
Conclusion: High belief and high reciprocity reduce the risk of depression in the elderly.
Keywords: belief, reciprocal, depression, elderly.
Correspondence:
Regita Azzahra Prasetyowati. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: regita10@yahoo.com Mobile: +6282137597940
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