Abstract
Background: Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy among non-smoking women is associated with mortality and morbidity risks in infants. The content of cigarette smoke can cause hypoxia in the fetus and cause a decrease in umbilical blood flow, causing growth disorders in the fetus which have an impact on low birth weight (LBW) babies. This study aimed to estimate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure in pregnant women on the risk of LBW.
Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis was conducted using the PRISMA flow diagram and a PICO research question. Population: Pregnant women. Intervention: Exposed to cigarette smoke. Comparison: Not exposed to cigarette smoke. Outcome: LBW. The articles were searched from databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, BMC, PMC, and Springer Link. Keywords used "cigarette" AND "low birth weight" AND "smoking" AND "low birth weight” AND “cross-sectional". The inclusion criteria included were full-text paper, cross-sectional study, multivariate analysis with adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). The articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.
Results: Meta-analysis included five cross-sectional primary studies from Australia, Switzerland, France, and the United States. The total sample size is 224,862 pregnant women. Pregnant women who were exposed to cigarette smoke had the risk of giving birth to children with LBW 3.23 compared to those not exposed to cigarette smoke (aOR= 3.23; 95% CI= 1.61 to 6.48; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Pregnant women who are exposed to cigarette smoke have the risk of giving birth to children with LBW
Article Data
